2008年11月24日星期一
文献资源检索大全
大学入口突破基础:不同入口的PW研究
http://www.google.com/search?q=i ... p;start=10&sa=N
http://www.google.com/search?q=i ... lr=&newwindow=1
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... %3D&btnG=Search
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... 3D+&btnG=Search
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... 3D+&btnG=Search
http://www.google.com/search?q=i ... p;start=10&sa=N
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... uk+&btnG=Search
http://www.google.com/search?q=i ... =zh-CN&ie=UTF-8
http://www.google.com/search?q=s ... ;start=100&sa=N
ebscohost
检索式
http://www.google.com/search?q=a ... mp;start=0&sa=N
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... com&btnG=Search
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... e+Selection+Page%22
firstsearch
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... org&btnG=Search
http://www.google.com/search?q=A ... mp;start=0&sa=N
proquest
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... rd+proquest+welcome
http://www.google.com/search?q=a ... p;start=30&sa=N
http://www.google.com/search?q=a ... =utf-8&oe=utf-8
有些问题,修改后
http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... 9C%E7%B4%A2&lr=
inurl:epnet inurl:password=password
inurl:password= inurl:lib│inurl:library -net -com -org -nl -co.uk
allinurl:itweb id site:infotrac.galegroup.com
allinurl:passwd -IPAUTO inurl:welcome site:umi.com
allinurl:password site:hwwilsonweb.com
Article.asp?ContributionID
inurl:access.web-sci.com
science│medicine│biology inurl:forum inurl:asp?id=│inurl:aspx?id=│inurl:cfm?id=
intitle:publisher inurl:asp?id=│inurl:aspx?id=│inurl:cfm?id=
inurl:press inurl:asp?id=│inurl:aspx?id=│inurl:cfm?id=
inurl:fulltext inurl:asp?id=│inurl:aspx?id=│inurl:cfm?id=
inurl:sci inurl:asp?id=│inurl:aspx?id=│inurl:cfm?id=
netid filetype:pdf site:msstate.edu;netid filetype:xls site:msstate.edu
Personal ID number site:emory.edu
ID number filetype:xls site:emory.edu
"ID number" grade site:emory.edu
ID number filetype:pdf site:emory.edu
inurl:
inurl: 是駭客重要的搜尋方法,可搜到網址包括的關鍵字,
例如填上 allinurl:login password 作搜尋,便會很易找到有 login 和 password 的網頁。
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filetype:
filetype: 是駭客專用語法,例如想找 mdb 的數據庫檔案,可用 password filetype:mdb 作搜尋,
便會找到密碼文件,進階用法可配合 inurl: 使用,例如 girl filetype:jpg site:com 便可搜到所有標題 .com 網站,而檔案為 girl.jp 或網頁內容有 girl 字串的。
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Index of /admin
搜到的結果大多數是容野峇嵺@ index browsing 的網站,隨便按下一個連結便看到網站的資料夾和檔案分佈。
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"Index of /" +password.txt
有些站長會將密碼儲存成 password.txt 檔案,如配合 index browsing 的弁遄A將 google 的關鍵字串成 "Index of /" +password.txt 作搜尋,便找到很多 password.txt
"Index of /admin"
"Index of /password"
"Index of /mail"
"Index of /" +passwd
"Index of /" +password.txt
"Index of /" +.htaccess
index of ftp +.mdb allinurl:/cgi-bin/ +mailto
administrators.pwd.index
authors.pwd.index
service.pwd.index
filetype:config web
gobal.asax index
allintitle: "index of/admin"
allintitle: "index of/root"
allintitle: sensitive filetype:doc
allintitle: restricted filetype :mail
allintitle: restricted filetype:doc site:gov
inurl:passwd filetype:txt
inurl:admin filetype:db
inurl:iisadmin
inurl:"auth_user_file.txt"
inurl:"wwwroot/*."
top secret site:mil
confidential site:mil
allinurl: winnt/system32/ (get cmd.exe)
allinurl:/bash_history
intitle:"Index of" .sh_history
intitle:"Index of" .bash_history
intitle:"index of" passwd
intitle:"index of" people.lst
intitle:"index of" pwd.db
intitle:"index of" etc/shadow
intitle:"index of" spwd
intitle:"index of" master.passwd
intitle:"index of" htpasswd
intitle:"index of" members OR accounts
intitle:"index of" user_carts OR user_cart
password:library
google:"*** password=***"
ext:pwd inurlservice │ authors │ administrators │ users) "# -FrontPage-"
http://www.google.com/search?q=e ... 2%23+-FrontPage-%22
这是Frontpage制作者管理权限的信息,本来想透露一下,但怕被倒出去,这里只能点到为止:
搜索frontpage密码文件:ext:pwd inurlservice | authors | administrators | users) "# -FrontPage-"
"allinurlvid.com password"
administrators.pwd.index
authors.pwd.index
service.pwd.index
filetype:config web
gobal.asax index
allintitle: "index of/admin"
allintitle: "index of/root"
allintitle: sensitive filetype:doc
allintitle: restricted filetype :mail
allintitle: restricted filetype:doc site:gov
inurl:passwd filetype:txt
inurl:admin filetype:db
inurl:iisadmin
inurl:"auth_user_file.txt"
inurl:"wwwroot/*."
ezproxy inurl:bbs
ssn│"Social Security Number " site:***.edu
barcode site:***.edu
id site:***.edu
000000000..999999999 site:***.edu
numrange:000000000-999999999 site:***.edu
ssn name site:***.edu
id name site:***.edu
grade│score site:***.edu filetype:xls (pdf/doc,etc)
quiz│exam│test site:***.edu filetype:xls (pdf/doc,etc)
inurl:roster site:***.edu
inurl:summer site:***.edu filettype:
不少学校的NETID是EMAIL:
"@***>edu" site:***.edu
id name birth│dob│birthday│born site:
另外,善于利用GOOGLE的图像功能
card│id│barcode site:***.edu
card│id│barcode (nameof school)
希望大家能给出自己常用的GOOGLE检索式来交
密码检索词
medicine journal ID pw
chemWEB.COM PASSWORD
Virtuelle Bibliothek PASSWORD
“Online Full Text Resources password”
“health sciences library password ”
“OvidLWW password”
“medizin bibliothek password”
“medizin Volltext password”
“medizin literatur password”
“health ejournals password ”
“medizin elektronik password”
Medizin Bibliothek Datenbank Benutzername Kennwort
medicina BIBLIOTECA password
médecine PéRIODIQUES éLECTRONIQUES password
health ejournals password
American Journal of Medicine OnLine FULL TEXT Journals username password
medicine journal fulltext username
inurl:2048 inurl:login
allinurl:password user site:epnet.com
intitle:"EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page"
allinurl:cert= site:umi.com
+library +username +password proquest welcome
XX(数据库名) 帐号 密码 inurl:edu.cn
inurl:8080 inurl:login
最早以前,我曾经用 " password+journal" 方法搜过一些,
效果也很明显。后来有人提出一个号称通吃天下文献数据库的密码万
能的公式,
password=welcome+(X)
x 可以为任何一个文献数据库的名称,可以写成
password=welcome+ProQuest
password=welcome+Ingenta
password=welcome+EBSCO。。。。。。。。。
等等,放到google里后,检索为 “password welcome ProQuest”
这样会有好多的密码出现,你慢慢尝试吧!
据说这个方法是一个叫 Hmongbook 的人概括出来的,真感谢他!
我个人使用后感觉不错!
另外,并不是所有的数据库登陆都是username password,比如我前
几天查找的英国economist周刊,他的检索关键词就应该
为: "password e-mail ",这需要各位的细心了!
(接GOOGLE)
上述一种常用方法,现在也提供一下个人以及网友提供的检索常
用搜索词的一些例子,模式上基本大同小异
medicine journal ID pw
chemWEB.COM PASSWORD
Virtuelle Bibliothek PASSWORD
“Online Full Text Resources password”
“health sciences library password ”
“OvidLWW password”
“medizin bibliothek password”
“medizin Volltext password”
“medizin literatur password”
“health ejournals password ”
“medizin elektronik password”
medicina BIBLIOTECA password
médecine PéRIODIQUES éLECTRONIQUES password
health ejournals password
American Journal of Medicine OnLine FULL TEXT Journals username password
medicine journal fulltext username
同时,如果你足够细心,你会在这样的检索中有很多以外的收获。
国外有很多密码页,上面公布很多期刊数据库的密码和登陆方式
如果GOOGLE在检索的页面上出现 " PSAAWORD" 字样很多,那就说明
这是一个密码页。你可以保存起来,说不定今后你会用到他们。
请各位试试看!
1.EZ搜索:
allinurl:ezproxy edu login
allinurl:login +edu ezproxy OR proxy
allinurl: login ezproxy OR proxy OR lib OR library OR 2048
2.数字型EZ密码
site:×××.edu numrange:100000000..100999999
3.Ebsco搜索式,很多Ebsco密码为password
password=password site:epnet.com
inurl:access.web-sci.com
如nature:
http://80-[url]www.nature.com.access.web-sci.com:808/index.html[/url]
password intitle:"Ejournal Information Page"
"# -FrontPage-" inurl:service.pwd
"AutoCreate=TRUE password=*"
"http://*:*@www" domainname
"index of/" "ws_ftp.ini" "parent directory"
allinurl: admin mdb
auth_user_file.txt
config.php
eggdrop filetype:user user
etc (index.of)
filetype:bak inurl:"htaccess│passwd│shadow│htusers
filetype:cfg mrtg "target
· " -sample -cvs -example
filetype:cfm "cfapplication name" password
filetype:conf oekakibbs
filetype:conf slapd.conf
filetype:config config intext:appSettings "User ID"
filetype:dat "password.dat"
filetype:dat wand.dat
filetype:inc dbconn
filetype:inc intext:mysql_connect
filetype:ini ServUDaemon
filetype:ini wcx_ftp
allinurl: password ovid
google 各种定位参数
◆定位教育系统网站
inurl:edu OR inurl:edu.cn OR inurl:edu.net OR ...
◆定位图书馆网站
inurl:lib OR inurl:library
与site:.edu或者site:.edu.net或者site:.edu.cn结合,返回结果的针对性更强。
◆定位数据库网页
inurl:database OR inurl:databases OR inurl:db OR inurl:dbs OR inurlnlinedb OR inurlnlinedbs
inurl:database
inurl:databases
inurl:db
inurl:dbs
inurl:webdb
inurl:webdbs
inurl:libdatabase
inurlnlinedb
inurlnlinedbs
inurlnlinedatabase
inurlnlinedatabases
inurl:elektronik
inurl:resource
inurl:resources
inurl:eresource
inurl:eresources
inurl:esource
inurl:esources
inurl:collection
inurl:collections
inurl:dblist
inurl:eledata
inurl:elecindex
inurl:alldata
inurl:periodical
inurl:periodicals
inurl:journal
inurl:journals
inurl:ejournal
inurl:e-journal
inurl:ejournals
inurl:e-journals
inurl:subscription
inurl:subscriptions
inurl:elibrary
◆定位试用数据库网页
inurl:database OR inurl:databases OR inurl:trialdb OR inurl:trial
inurl:trialdatabase
inurl:trialdb
inurl:trial
inurl:trials
inurl:trydb
inurl:dtest
inurl:dbtest
inurl:try
inurl:test
inurl:preview
inurl:renewal
inurl:newtrial
inurl:dbeval
inurl:evaldb
◆定位全文数据库网页
inurl:fulltext OR inurl:full-text
◆定位密码页
inurl:password OR inurl:passwords OR inurl:pass OR inurlWD OR inurlW OR inurl:pswd OR inurl:passwd OR inurl:passwr OR inurl:passw OR inurl:passwort
inurl:password
inurl:passwords
inurl:pwd
inurl:pw
inurl:pswd
inurl:pass
inurl:passwd
inurl:passwort
inurl:passwr
inurl:p
inurl:passw
inurl:epass
inurl:forget
inurl:forgot
inurl:retrieve
inurl:retrieval
inurl:get
inurl:entry
inurlff-campus
inurlffcampus
Japanese パスワード
french passe
spanish contrase?a [s.f.], santo [s.m.], santo y se?a [s.m.], se?a
german Kennwort (<-e> [n.], Passwort (<-¨er> [n.], Erkennungswort [n.]
portuguese senha
ebscohost
1http://www.google.com/search?q=a ... mp;start=0&sa=N
关键词:allinurl:cpidlogin site:epnet.com
2http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... com&btnG=Search
关键词:allinurl:password user site:epnet.com
3http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... e+Selection+Page%22
关键词:intitle:"EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page
firstsearch
1http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... org&btnG=Search
关键词:allinurl:password siteclc.org
2http://www.google.com/search?q=A ... mp;start=0&sa=N
关键词:thorization password 100 oclc.org
hwwilsonweb
1http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... com&btnG=Search
关键词:allinurl:password site:hwwilsonweb.com
infotrac
1http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... 9C%E7%B4%A2&lr=
关键词:allinurl:itweb id site:infotrac.galegroup.com
medconsult
1http://www.google.com/search?q=a ... =utf-8&oe=utf-8
关键词:allinurl:groups site:mdconsult.com
2http://www.google.com/search?hl= ... 9C%E7%B4%A2&lr=
关键词:inurl:user password site:mdconsult.com
2008年11月23日星期日
你留意过你的父母吗?
2008年11月22日星期六
中国军人
自一九二七年,中国共产党有了一支自己的军队以来,有多少中国青年,胸前佩带着大红花走进军营。这支队伍中的军人、经历过二万五千里长征的考验,经历过爬雪山、过草地、吃草根、啃树皮的磨难,经历过八年欲血的抗战!经历过四年残酷的内战。“一身报国有万死,双鬓向人无再青。”为了解放自己的人民。为了保卫自己的国家,中国军人流鲜血、洒热汗,牺牲自己宝贵的生命而无怨无悔。
China Silence
A teacher wipes tears from the eyes of earthquake survivor student Yang Like at Chengdu Jiaozi School as China begins three days of national mourning for victims of the earthquake on May 19, 2008 in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China. The period of mourning will include a three minute silence which will be observed exactly one week after the earthquake hit. A major earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale, the worst in 58 years, jolted China's Sichuan Province May 12. The death toll is now estimated at over 32,000 people and is expected to rise, as 100,000 military troops continue rescue operations. (Photo by Guang Niu/Getty Images). (Photo by Guang Niu/Getty Images AsiaPac)
Chinese soldiers mourn during a moment of silence at a school where hundreds died from the earthquake May 19, 2008 in Beichuan, Sichuan province, China. Tens of thousands of people remain buried in collapsed buildings from the 7।9-magnitude earthquake that struck May 12। The death toll has risen to over 34,000 and is expected to climb as relief operations spread into the mountains of Sichuan province with well over 130,000 military troops and relief workers mobilized। Today marked the first day of a three day mourning period with a 3 minute moment of silence across the country as China copes with its worst natural disaster in three decades. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images AsiaPac)
Eearthquake survivor student Yang Like is given a red scarf as he is welcomed to Chengdu Jiaozi School as China begins three days of national mourning for victims of the earthquake on May 19, 2008 in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China। The period of mourning will include a three minute silence which will be observed exactly one week after the earthquake hit. A major earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale, the worst in 58 years, jolted China's Sichuan Province May 12. The death toll is now estimated at over 32,000 people and is expected to rise, as 100,000 military troops continue rescue operations. (Photo by Guang Niu/Getty Images AsiaPac)
Chinese mourners show their support by clapping for the Sichuan Earthquake victims while the Chinese national flag flies at half-mast at the Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square on May 19, 2008 in Beijing, China। The three days of national mourning began in China today। The period of mourning will include a three minute silence which will be observed exactly one week after the earthquake hit. A major earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale, the worst in 58 years, jolted China`s Sichuan Province May 12. The death toll is now estimated at over 34,000 people and is expected to rise, as 100,000 military troops continue rescue operations. (Photo by Adam Pretty/Getty Images AsiaPac)
Chinese mourners show their support for the Sichuan Earthquake victims while the Chinese national flag flies at half-mast at the Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square on May 19, 2008 in Beijing, China. The three days of national mourning began in China today. The period of mourning will include a three minute silence which will be observed exactly one week after the earthquake hit। A major earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale, the worst in 58 years, jolted China`s Sichuan Province May 12. The death toll is now estimated at over 32,000 people and is expected to rise, as 100,000 military troops continue rescue operations. (Photo by Adam Pretty/Getty Images AsiaPac)
This originality picture is asked by Hugh Pinney for The Times. Please onpass it to Hugh Pinney.....CHENGDU, CHINA - MAY 19: Student cries during a ceremony to respect earthquake victim at a school on May 19, 2008 in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China। China began three days of national mourning on Monday for more than 30,000 victims of an earthquake that struck a week ago. (Photo by Guang Niu/Getty Images AsiaPac)
(CHINA OUT) Soldiers cook at Yingxiu Township, the earthquake epicentre, as China begins three days of national mourning for victims of the earthquake May 19, 2008 in Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province, China। A major earthquake measuring 8।0 on the Richter scale, the worst in 58 years, jolted China's Sichuan Province May 12. The death toll is now estimated at over 34,000 people and is expected to rise, as 100,000 military troops continue rescue operations. (Photo by None/Getty Images AsiaPac)
(CHINA OUT) People light candles to mourn the deceased on a river beach during a memorial, as China begins three days of national mourning for victims of the earthquake on May 19, 2008 in Wuhan of Hubei Province, China। The period of mourning will include a three minute silence which will be observed exactly one week after the earthquake hit। A major earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale, the worst in 58 years, jolted China's Sichuan Province May 12. The death toll is now estimated at over 34,000 people and is expected to rise, as 100,000 military troops continue rescue operations. (Photo by China Photos/Getty Images AsiaPac)
Chinese rescue workers mourn during a moment of silence at a school where hundreds died from the earthquake May 19, 2008 in Beichuan, Sichuan province, China. Tens of thousands of people remain buried in collapsed buildings from the 7।9-magnitude earthquake that struck May 12. The death toll has risen to over 34,000 and is expected to climb as relief operations spread into the mountains of Sichuan province with well over 130,000 military troops and relief workers mobilized. Today marked the first day of a three day mourning period with a 3 minute moment of silence across the country as China copes with its worst natural disaster in three decades. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images AsiaPac)
(CHINA OUT) People take part in a memorial on the Tianfu Square, as China begins three days of national mourning for victims of the earthquake on May 19, 2008 in Chengdu of Sichuan Province, China. The period of mourning will include a three minute silence which will be observed exactly one week after the earthquake hit. A major earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale, the worst in 58 years, jolted China's Sichuan Province May 12. The death toll is now estimated at over 34,000 people and is expected to rise, as 100,000 military troops continue rescue operations. (Photo by None/Getty Images AsiaPac)
Parents of students killed by a collapsed primary school hold portraits of their lost loved ones during a gathering to mourn and protest on May 20, 2008 in Mianzhu, Sichuan province. The bereaved parents wanted the government to investigate and punish the persons responsible for what they called "poor" build quality of the school campus. A major earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale, the worst in 58 years, jolted China's Sichuan Province on May 12. More than 40, 000 people have been confirmed dead. (Photo by Andrew Wong/Getty Images AsiaPac)
2008年11月21日星期五
论坛上最酷的一句话
下雨了,别忘了打伞,湿身是小事,淋病就麻烦大了
丑,但是丑的特别,也就是特别的丑。
天使之所以会飞,是因为她们把自己看得很轻~~~
兔子急了也口交人......(
我:我的第一个问题是,对於我第二个和第三个问题,你可不可以只用‘能’和‘不能’来回答?
mm:可以啊!
我:我的第二个问题是,如果我的第三个问题是你能不能做我的女朋友,那麽你对於我的第三个问题的答案能不能和第二个问题的答案一样?
mm:·#¥%......―*()
把你小弟弟砍了数年轮
人生没有彩排,每天都是现场直播!
给我一个女人,我可以创造一个民族;给我一瓶酒,我可以带领他们征服全世界!
女口果人尔能看日月白这段言舌,那言兑日月人尔白勺目艮目青有严重白勺散光。
昨天,系花对我笑了一下,乐得我晚上直数羊,一只羊,两只羊,三只羊......
走,MM,咱们化蝶去......
春天,我把老公埋在地底下,秋天,我就有好多老公......
起来,不愿坐着的人们
如果只有300W,大家说是买奔驰好还是法拉利好呀.回:最好买300辆二手奥托,再雇300个司机,让他们跟在你后面开,一会排成S ,一会排成B .
某女用其自身所不具备的生理功能侮辱了某男的母亲的名节.
月经是子宫的眼泪 !
给我一部A片,我可以翘起三个地球 !!
比我漂亮的都没我聪明,比我聪明的都没我漂亮,我智商145!?
我终身奋斗的最低革命纲领:农妇――山泉――有点儿田。
这个世界,除了猪,谁还在快乐着?
此地严禁大小便,违者没收工具 - -
我TMD唾你一脸狗屎 !!
爱――不是想出来的,爱――是做出来的!!
再过二十年,我们来相会,送到火葬场,全部烧成灰,你一堆,我一堆,谁也不认识谁,全部送到农村做化肥。啊亲爱的朋友们,到底谁先被烧成灰?先烧你,先烧我?反正都是不齿人类的狗屎堆!!!
一个消化不良的病人向医生抱怨:我近来很不正常,吃什么拉什么,吃黄瓜拉黄瓜,吃西瓜拉西瓜,怎样才能恢复正常呢?医生沉默片刻,那你只能吃屎了。
一家房地产商为推销房屋,打出"买房子,送家具"的广告。某人买了一套新房,装饰后去领家具。房产商:你的家具在哪里?我们帮你送!
瞎子骑车带结巴,结巴看路,忽见深沟,结巴惊呼:沟沟沟!!!瞎子回唱道:"噢勒噢勒噢勒!"于是二人坠入沟中.
站在高楼下,内心一阵悲凉,脸上也湿润了,有点咸咸的味道,是雨水还是泪水?抬头望天空......妈的,谁在楼上撒尿!
昨天梦见上帝他说可以满足我一个愿望,我拿出地球仪说要世界和平,他说太难了换一个吧,我拿出你的照片说要这人变漂亮。他沉思了一下说拿地球仪我再看看.
老鼠:我现在正和蝙蝠谈恋爱,以后孩子们就生活在空中,不怕你们猫了。猫冷笑一声,指着树上的猫头鹰说:看见没有,她已经怀上我的孩子了!
"服务员,请把这块石头从我碗里抬出去,好吗?"
经典英文广告词----因为经典,所以永久!
诺基亚手机
Connecting People.
科技以人为本。
第比尔斯钻石
A diamond lasts forever.
钻石恒久远,一颗永流传。
麦斯威尔咖啡
Good to the last drop.
滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。
雪碧
Obey your thirst.
服从你的渴望。
索尼影碟机
The new digital era.
数码新时代。
理光复印机
We lead. Others copy.
我们领先,他人仿效。
佳能打印机
Impossible made possible.
使不可能变为可能。
雀巢冰激凌
Take time to indulge.
尽情享受吧!
万宝路香烟
Come to where the flavor is. Marlboro Country.
光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。
凌志轿车
The relentless pursuit of perfection.
不懈追求完美。
丰田汽车
Poetry in motion, dancing close to me.
动态的诗,向我舞近。
轩尼诗酒
To me, the past is black and white, but the future is always color.
对我而言,过去平淡无奇;而未来,却是绚烂缤纷。
百事流行鞋
Ask for more.
渴望无限。
雀巢咖啡
The taste is great.
味道好极了。
麦当劳
I lovin it!
我喜欢!
三星电子
feel the new space.
感受新境界。
摩托罗拉手机
intelligence everywhere.
智慧演绎,无处不在。
百事可乐
the choice of a new generation.
新一代的选择。
三菱电工
we integrate, you communicate.
我们集大成,您超越自我。
IBM
no business too small, no problem too big.
没有不做的小生意,没有解决不了的大问题。
东芝电子
take toshiba, take the world.
拥有东芝,拥有世界。
飞利浦电子
let's make things better.
让我们做得更好。
耐克运动鞋
Just do it.
只管去做。
飞利浦电子
Let’s make thing btter.
让我们做得更好。
M&M巧克力
M&Ms melt in your mouth, not in your hand.
只溶在口,不溶在手。
斯沃奇手表
Time is what you make of it.
天长地久。
飘柔
Start ahead.
成功之路,从头开始。
可口可乐
Things go better with Coca-Cola.
饮可口可乐,万事如意。
柯达相纸
A Kodak Moment.
就在柯达一刻。
梅塞德斯-奔驰
Engineered to move the human spirit.
人类精神的动力。
七喜
Fresh-up with Seven-up.(Seven-up)
提神醒脑,喝七喜。
英特尔 奔腾
Intel Inside.(Intel Pentium)
给电脑一颗奔腾的“芯”。
本田
For the Road Ahead.(Honda)
康庄大道。
奥林巴斯
Focus on life.
瞄准生活。
佳洁士牙膏
Behind that healthy smile,there ’s a Crest kid.
健康笑容来自佳洁士
中国招商银行
We are here just for you !
因你而变。
美国捷运
do it right, first-rate, top-notch, without a hitch and absolutely flawless.
服务准确,质量一流,业内顶尖,交递准时,投送无误。
中国光大银行
to be the best rather than the largest.
不求最大,但求最好。
汰渍洗衣粉
tide's in, dirt's out.
汰渍到,污垢逃。
杂志《读者文摘》
the world smiles with Reader's Digest.
读者文摘给全世界带来欢笑。
《环球》杂志
the Global brings you the world in a single copy.
一册在手,众览全球。
From Sharp minds, come sharp products.
来自智慧的结晶 。
Matthew Effect马太效应
马太效应 (Matthew Effect)
马太效应(Matthew Effect),是指好的愈好,坏的愈坏,多的愈多,少的愈少的一种现象。名字来自于圣经马太福音中的一则寓言。
1968年,美国科学史研究者罗伯特·莫顿(Robert K. Merton)提出这个术语用以概括一种社会心理现象:“相对于那些不知名的研究者,声名显赫的科学家通常得到更多的声望即使他们的成就是相似的,同样 地,在同一个项目上,声誉通常给予那些已经出名的研究者,例如,一个奖项几乎总是授予最资深的研究者,即使所有工作都是一个研究生完成的。”
此术语后为经济学界所借用,反映贫者愈贫,富者愈富,赢家通吃的经济学中收入分配不公的现象。
社会心理学上也经常借用这一名词。
【马太效应来源】
马太效应是指好的愈好,坏的愈坏,多的愈多,少的愈少的一种现象。美国科学史研究者罗伯特·莫顿(Robert K. Merton)归纳“马太效应”为:任何个体、群体或地区,一旦在某一个方面(如金钱、名誉、地位等)获得成功和进步,就会产生一种积累优势,就会有更多 的机会取得更大的成功和进步。它的名字来自于圣经《新约·马太福音》中的一则寓言。
《圣经》中“马太福音”第二十五章由这么几句话:“凡有的,还要加给他叫他多余;没有的,连他所有的也要夺过来。”1973年,美国科学史研究 者莫顿用这句话概括了一种社会心理现象:“对已有相当声誉的科学家作出的科学贡献给予的荣誉越来越多,而对那些未出名的科学家则不承认他们的成绩。”莫顿 将这种社会心理现象命名为“马太效应”。
新约全书中马太福音第25章的寓言(和合本译文):
“ 天国又好比一个人要往外国去,就叫了仆人来,把他的家业交给他们。 按着各人的才干,给他们银子。一个给了五千,一个给了二千,一个给了一千。就往外国去了。 那领五千的,随即拿去做买卖,另外赚了五千。那领二千的,也照样另赚了二千。但那领一千的,去掘开地,把主人的银子埋藏了。
过了许久,那些仆人的主人来了,和他们算账。那领五千银子的,又带着那另外的五千来,说,主阿,你交给我五千银子,请看,我又赚了五千。主人 说,好,你这又良善又忠心的仆人。你在不多的事上有忠心,我把许多事派你管理。可以进来享受你主人的快乐。那领二千的也来说,主阿,你交给我二千银子,请 看,我又赚了二千。主人说,好,你这又良善又忠心的仆人。你在不多的事上有忠心,我把许多事派你管理。可以进来享受你主人的快乐。
那领一千的,也来说,主阿,我知道你是忍心的人,没有种的地方要收割,没有散的地方要聚敛。我就害怕,去把你的一千银子埋藏在地里。请看,你的 原银在这里。主人回答说,你这又恶又懒的仆人,你既知道我没有种的地方要收割,没有散的地方要聚敛。就当把我的银子放给兑换银钱的人,到我来的时候,可以 连本带利收回。夺过他这一千来,给那有一万的。
因为凡有的,还要加给他,叫他有馀。没有的,连他所有的,也要夺过来。
《新约·马太福音》中有这样一个故事。一个国王远行前,交给三个仆人每人一锭银子,吩咐他们:“你们去做生意,等我回来时,再来见我。”国王回 来时,第一个仆人说:“主人,你交给我的一锭银子,我已赚了10锭。”于是国王奖励了他10座城邑。第二个仆人报告说:“主人,你给我的一锭银子,我已赚 了5锭。”于是国王便奖励了他5座城邑。第三个仆人报告说:“主人,你给我的一锭银子,我一直包在手巾里存着,我怕丢失,一直没有拿出来。”于是,国王命 令将第三个仆人的那锭银子赏给第一个仆人,并且说:“凡是少的,就连他所有的,也要夺过来。凡是多的,还要给他,叫他多多益善。”
【 马太效应扩展】
1968年,美国科学史研究者罗伯特·莫顿(Robert K. Merton)提出这个术语用以概括一种社会心理现象:“相对于那些不知名的研究者,声名显赫的科学家通常得到更多的声望即使他们的成就是相似的,同样 地,在同一个项目上,声誉通常给予那些已经出名的研究者,结果,研究成果越多的人往往越又名,越有名的人成果越多,最后就产生了学术权威。。” 此术语后为经济学界所借用,反映贫者愈贫,富者愈富,赢家通吃的经济学现象。马太效应(Matthew Effect),即社会中尤其是经济领域内广泛存在的一个现象:强者恒强,弱者恒弱,或者说,赢家通吃。1968年,美国科学史研究者罗伯特·莫顿 (Robert K. Merton)首次用“马太效应”来描述这种社会心理现象。默顿,最早用这句话来概括一种社会心理效应——“对已有相当声誉的科学家做出的贡献给予的荣誉 越来越多,而对于那些还没有出名的科学家则不肯承认他们的成绩。”这便是“马太效应”。
社会心理学家认为,“马太效应” 是个既有消极作用又有积极作用的社会心理现象。其消极作用是:名人与未出名者干出同样的成绩,前者往往上级表扬,记者采访,求教者和访问者接踵而至,各种 桂冠也一顶接一顶地飘来,结果往往使其中一些人因没有清醒的自我认识和没有理智态度而居功自傲,在人生的道路上跌跟头;而后者则无人问津,甚至还会遭受非 难和妒忌。其积极作用是:其一,可以防止社会过早地承认那些还不成熟的成果或过早地接受貌似正确的成果;其二,“马太效应”所产生的“荣誉追加”和“荣誉 终身”等现象,对无名者有巨大的吸引力,促使无名者去奋斗,而这种奋斗又必须有明显超越名人过去的成果才能获得向往的荣誉。
“马太效应”在社会中广泛存在。以经济领域为例,国际上关于地区之间发展趋势主要存在着两种不同的观点:
一种是新古典增长理论的“趋同假说”。该假说认为,由于资本的报酬递减规律,当发达地区出现资本报酬递减时,资本就会流向还未出现报酬递减的欠发达地区,其结果是发达地区的增长速度减慢,而欠发达地区的增速加快,最终导致两类地区发达程度的趋同。
另一种观点是,当同时考虑到制度、人力资源等因素时,往往会出现另外一种结果,即发达地区与欠发达地区之间的发展,常常会呈现“发展趋异”的“ 马太效应”。落后地区的人才会流向发达地区,落后地区的资源会廉价流向发达地区,落后地区的制度又通常不如发达地区合理,于是循环往复,地区差异会越来越 大。
而社会贫富差距,也会产生“马太效应”。在股市楼市狂潮中,最赚的总是庄家,最赔的总是散户。于是,不加以调节,普通大众的金钱,就会通过这种 形态聚集到少数人群手中,进一步加剧贫富分化。另外,由于富者通常会享受到更好的教育和发展机会,而穷者则会由于经济原因,比富者更乏发展机遇,这也会导 致富者越富,穷者越穷的“马太效应”。
对政府而言,如何在经济发展中避免贫富差距越拉越大的马太效应,是一个很重要的政治课题。
【马太效应的社会现象】
“马太效应”在社会中广泛存在,以经济领域为例,国际上关于地区之间发展趋势主要存在着两种不同的观点:一种是新古典增长理论的“趋同假说”。 该假说认为,由于资本的报酬递减规律,当发达地区出现资本报酬递减时,资本就会流向还未出现报酬递减的欠发达地区,其结果是发达地区的增长速度减慢,而欠 发达地区的增速加快,最终导致两类地区发达程度的趋同。另一种观点是,当同时考虑到制度、人力资源等因素时,往往会出现另外一种结果,即发达地区与欠发达 地区之间呈现“发展趋异”的“马太效应”。又如,人才危机将是一个世界现象,人才占有上的“马太效应”将更加显现:占有人才越多的地方,对人才越有吸引 力;反过来,被认可的人才越稀缺。此外,在科学、学术研究中也存在“马太效应”,研究成果越多的人往往越有名,越有名的人成果越多,最后就产生了学术权 威。